Importance Of Math Skills At An Early Age Essay - 1432 Words

Purpose Statement Math is an important and essential skill used in everyday life and as educators we need to provide the opportunity for young children to experience and learn these skills. As an adult, we use math to tell time, buying food and goods, cooking, and planning for finances and setting a budget. These are important skills and all involve the use of math, even a game as simple as pool involves the use of geometry and angles when planning shots. The program I currently work for scores low in math every year, and even after trainings and interventions it remains low. What do we need to do to improve our scores and what questions do we need to begin to ask ourselves in-order to begin to improve this area of child development? Focus Questions 1. How can an Early Childhood Educator provide activities and strategies to promote lifelong math literacy skills for three to five year olds? 2. What are the benefits of learning math skills at an early age for three to five year olds? 3. How can an Early Childhood Educator incorporate reading literacy skills into everyday math literacy skills with three to five year olds? Thesis Statement Early Childhood Educators must know the benefits of implementing math literacy, have knowledge of activities and strategies to promote math literacy and incorporate reading literacy with every day math concepts for 3 - 5 year old students in an early childhood setting. How can an Early Childhood Educator provide activities andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Early Childhood Education1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Early Childhood Education It is crucial for a child to receive early education because it is the time for growing, forming, and brain development. Children between the ages of 0 to 6 go through stages of acquiring specific skills like, sensorial, language, math, social, and cognitive. In those stages children have the ability to soak up and retain information, some people say like a sponge. 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Using The Internet For Social Purposes - 1318 Words

With the advent of developing new technology, the way we receive and perceive is drastically changing. Many ‘at-home’ activities, such as watching the news on television, may become transferred onto little, mobile devices, such as an iPhone, which allows mobile device users to essentially bring their home entertainment systems with them, on the go. More than just ‘television-watching’ is losing its old sense of ‘privacy’, in fact our private lives, are becoming not so ‘private’. Everyday, people such as myself, post personal content on social media. The terminology ‘personal content’ can mean many things such as posting a personal address or telephone number online, to even posting about ‘deep’, personal issues that should essentially be†¦show more content†¦My earliest memory of posting content onto a social media website would be when I signed up for a Myspace account. I remember, I never really thought much about what I posted or who potentially could be ‘looking’ at the content I published onto my page. Which, is exactly why I feel lucky that I was never ‘targeted’ for essentially, exploiting myself to the world. As I got older and moved on to other social networking websites, I stumbled upon a site called ‘Tumblr’, which is a blogging website. I never exposed myself to any sort of ‘blogging’ environments, other than posting statuses on Facebook and Myspace (back in the day). Tumblr felt like a new found glory; a space where I could openly talk about my sexuality and life experiences with whomever I wanted to read my content. When I initially joined Tumblr, I was a freshman in high school and was dealing with a lot of excess emotions. During that time period, I was struggling with my sexuality and felt that I needed to tell people before my head blew off, but I also wanted to live a ‘normal’ life and remain ‘under the radar’. Essentially, I came out to the people who read my blog on Tumblr and gained enough advice and courage from the people who read my ‘coming out’ post, to become fully open about my sexuality. I found Tumblr as a safe-haven, a place where I

Modern Labor Economics Theory and Public Method

Question: Discuss about the Modern Labor Economics for Theory and Public Method. Answer: Introduction Singapore has the highly urbanized trade oriented market economy. It has been ranked as the open economy because it has 7th ranked in the least corrupt country with minimum tax rate and third highest GDP per capita in the globe with respect to Purchasing Power Parity. The Singapore economy is a key foreign direct investment financier at the global level (Index of economic, 2016). This report analyzes the production output performance in Singapore economy and also describes the government measures to achieve the production output performance. It also evaluates the labor market in Singapore economy and defines the government policy to attain full employment. It also analyzes the price level in Singapore economy and exemplifies the government measures to achieve the stable price. Production Output Performance Analysis There are three different ways that are used by Singapore government to measure the GDP named output, expenditure and income approach. Further, income strategy measures income of people while output strategy is used to measures the worth of goods and services and also exploited to gain the income (Economic Caf, 2016). Further, the expenditure approach determines the expenses related to the goods and services. There are three performance indicators that used to measures the economy. It is discussed as below: GDP is important measures to evaluate the performance of Singapore economy over a given period. Further, GDP at the purchasing price is the sum amount of gross value added by every domestic manufacturer within Singapore economy. Further, it adds the tax of product and less the subsidies that do not involve in the products value (Singapore Government Securities, 2016). Moreover, GDP data is based on the current US dollar due to its official exchange rate. The real gross domestic product growth rate is determined by the yearly proportion growth rate of GDP at the market rate which is stand on stable domestic currency. Further, aggregately depends on the stable U.S. $ (Singapore MedTech portal, 2016). GDP per capita is referred to as the GDP that is separated by the population of midyear. It measures average income per person in Singapore country. Performance trend of Singapore economy From the above analysis, it is exhibited that real GDP of Singapore economy has declined from the US$3.6.344 Billion to US$292.739 Billion from 2014 to 2015. Along with this, it is analyzed that real GDP growth rate is declined from 6.0% to 2.0% from 2011 to 2015. Further, it is evaluated that GDP per capita has declined from US$56.124 to US$53.004 from 2014 to 2015 (Focus Economics, 2016). As a result, it can be said that there are several economic factors that affect the GDP of Singapore economies such as increasing interest rate, high unemployment rate, asset prices, wages, consumer confidence, infrastructure investment and high tax rate. Government measures adopted to achieve the production output performance There are different measures which are adopted by the Singapore government to achieve the production output performance includes lower interest rate, lower tax rate, declining exchange rate, and increase expenditure on infrastructure. It is evaluated that Singapore government tries to cut the interest rate in order to boost the aggregate demand. Because, the lower interest rate can decline the cost of borrowing, encouraging investment and spending of consumers in Singapore economy so it will help to increase the GDP of the country (Tan, et al., 2014). Moreover, Singapore government tries to cut down the tax rate and increasing their spending to boost the demand of consumers in Singapore economy. Since, a lower income tax increases the disposable income and increases the spending of the consumers (Rodan, 2016). Further, higher spending creates more jobs and offers the economic incentives. Additionally, Singapore government declines the exchange rate as it will be effective to make cheap the exports, mainly in electronics, chemicals, and services sector to make import expensive (Rodan, 2016). As a result, it will be beneficial to increase the GDP of the Singapore economy. From the above graph, it is illustrated that unemployment rate has declined from 2.0 % to 1.9% from 2011 to 2015 (Focus Economics, 2016). There are different causes of declining unemployment rate named lower interest rate, lower tax rate, improvement in skills of employees and increasing aggregate demand. Define Unemployment and their types in an economy Unemployment is the phenomenon that occurs when people have no work to do and they actively looking for a job. The unemployment rate is the percentage that is determined by separating the amount of jobless person by the amount of all currently working individual in the labor market (Pigou, 2013). Basically, three kinds of unemployment are found in Singapore named frictional, cyclical, and structural unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is one of the kinds of unemployment which arises due to lack of AD in the Singapore economy. Further, there is inadequate employments for each person who wish to job (Economics rush, 2016). In this type of unemployment, amount of jobless workers is larger than the amount of employment posts. Furthermore, frictional unemployment is another type of unemployment in Singapore economy. It defines the time duration between employment when an employee is seeking and switching jobs from one occupation to another (Pissarides, 2013). Besides this, structural unemployment is another type of unemployment within an economy. This type of unemployment arises due to unavailability of jobs for each person who looking for a job in the labor market (Pigou, 2013). Types of unemployment in the Singapore economy In Singapore, there are three main types of employment is available named structural, cyclical, and frictional unemployment. But, cyclical unemployment is a key basis of being without a job in Singapore because Singapore has a great outside division that is largely dependent on outside demand for the development of the economy. Due to the global downturn, global income has declined in Singapore economy consequently it leads to decline purchasing power, consumption, and net exports (Pigou, 2013). Further, demands for goods and services have declined consequently company cut back employees, which called cyclical unemployment. Government measures adopted to achieve full employment There are different measures used by the Singapore government to achieve full employment such as cutting interest rate, cutting taxes to boost the aggregate demand. Another measure is education and training, Employment subsidies, and Improve labor market flexibility. It is identified that government offers education and training to the unemployed person to build their skills and knowledge which enable the unemployed person to find out the employment in developing industries (Beveridge, 2014). For example, retrain the unemployed steel employees to have basic information technology skills so it assists the employees to search the work in the service sector. Moreover, Singapore government facilitates the subsidies for taking on continuing unemployed. It will be beneficial to build confidence and on the job training among the employees (Ehrenberg, and Smith, 2016). Furthermore, Singapore government makes policies to provide the flexible labor market because restricted labor market is the cause of increasing unemployment. Above graph depicted that inflation rate has declined from 5.2 to -0.5 from 2011 to 2015. It indicates that the value of money increases in the Singapore economy. Deflation is not necessarily bad but it can lead to economic stagnation and high unemployment. Further, it is analyzed that negative inflation occurs when the price falls due to a higher supply of goods as compared to the demand for goods (Focus Economics, 2016). Further, negative inflation occurs due to a reduction in money, credit and consumers spending in Singapore economy. Define Inflation and typical causes of inflation Inflation is the rate at which the amount of products and services is rising and the purchasing power of the money is declined. Further, the central bank of Singapore tries to set the limit inflation and avoid the deflation to the growth of the economy (Chand, 2016). There are two main reason of occurring inflation such as inflation caused by demand side is known as demand pull inflation and while it is originated by supply side then, it is known as cost-push inflation. There are different causes of demand pull inflation and cost push inflation. It is discussed as below: The main reason of occurring inflation is an increase in the money supply in the market because it leads to increase in the aggregate demand. Further, it is analyzed that high growth of nominal money supply may increase the rate of inflation in the market. Another cause is disposable income of people because it is identified that while disposable income increases then it increases in national income and decline in taxes and saving of the people. In addition to this, the cheap monetary policy is another cause that leads to rising in the money supply. It also increases aggregate demand of goods and services in the economy (Lim, and Sek, 2015). For example, while credit expands, it increases the money income of the borrowers and consequently increases aggregate demand relative to the supply. As a result, it leads to high inflation due to high monetary contribution. There are several causes of cost push inflation named shortage of factors of production, industrial disputes, and internati onal factor. It is analyzed that inflation arises due to lack of production factors named labor, raw material, power supply and capital. It leads to surplus capacity and decline in the industrial production. Further, industrial disputes such as trade union strike decline the production of firm consequently, reduces the supplies of goods (Chand, 2016). These disputes can be related to increasing in wages, decline labor hours and paid leaves, Causes of inflation in Singapore Economy In Singapore, inflation is caused by both side i.e. demand and supply. But, imported inflation which leads to cost push inflation is an important cause of inflation in Singapore economy. Singapore is an open economy and there are inadequate natural resources i.e. factors of production. Therefore, it has heavily relied on imports from other countries related to consumption goods and raw material (Chand, 2016). Moreover, exporting goods are made from imported raw material. As a result, it is analyzed that Singapore economy faced inflation due to the depreciation of the Singapore Dollar (SGD). Another cause of inflation is a lack of export competitiveness because it declines the demand for the currency of Singapore due to the overflow of Singapore dollars in the foreign exchange market. Government measures to achieve the stable price The central bank of Singapore takes a number of monetary actions to manage the quantity and quality of credit such as increases sell securities in the open market, bank rates; reserve ratio, and increases in margin requirement (Bodea, and Hicks, 2015). Along with this, Singapore government takes several fiscal measures to achieve the stable price such as reduction in unnecessary expenditure, an increase in taxes, and savings, and avoid the repayment of public debt (Wu, and Ramesh, 2014). Singapore government also makes rational wage policy, and makes policy to increase in the production which is beneficial to achieve the stable price in the Singapore economy. Conclusion It is concluded that GDP of Singapore economy has declined in 2015 as compared to previous year so the government takes several measures to achieve the production output performance such as try to cut down the interest rate, tax rate, and exchange rate. Further, it can be summarized that unemployment rate has declined in 2015 as compared to the earlier year. Therefore, Singapore government takes measure to achieve full employment named education and training, employment subsidies, and improve labor market flexibility. Along with this, it is stated that inflation rate has declined in 2015 as compared to past years so the government takes measure to achieve the price stability named control the quantity and quality of credit, reduction in unnecessary expenditure, increase in taxes, and savings, and avoid the repayment of public debt. References Beveridge, W. H. (2014).Full Employment in a Free Society (Works of William H. Beveridge): A Report(Vol. 6). UK: Routledge. Bodea, C., Hicks, R. (2015). Price stability and central bank independence: Discipline, credibility, and democratic institutions.International Organization,69(01), 35-61. Chand, S. (2016). Inflation: Meaning, Causes and Effects of Inflation. Retrieved from: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/inflation/inflation-meaning-causes-and-effects-effects-of-inflation/29293/ Economic Caf (2016). Economic Growth. Retrieved from: https://www.economicscafe.com.sg/economics-lecture-notes-chapter-11/ Economics rush (2016). Possible causes of unemployment in Singapore. Retrieved from: https://economicsrush.wordpress.com/2014/02/22/explain-possible-causes-of-unemployment-in-singapore-10m/ Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016).Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. UK: Routledge. Focus Economics (2016). Inflation in Singapore. Retrieved from: https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/singapore/inflation Focus Economics (2016). Singapore-GDP. Retrieved from: https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/singapore/gdp Focus Economics (2016). Unemployment in Singapore. Retrieved from: https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/singapore/unemployment Index of economic (2016). Singapore Economy. Retrieved from: https://www.heritage.org/index/country/singapore Lim, Y. C., Sek, S. K. (2015). An examination on the determinants of inflation.Journal of Economics, Business and Management,3(7), 678-682. Pigou, A. C. (2013).Theory of unemployment. UK: Routledge. Pissarides, C. A. (2013). Unemployment in the great recession.Economica,80(319), 385-403. Rodan, G. (2016).The political economy of Singapore's industrialization: national state and international capital. Berlin: Springer. Singapore Government Securities (2016). The Singapore Economy. Retrieved from: https://www.sgs.gov.sg/The-SGS-Market/The-Singapore-Economy.aspx Singapore MedTech portal (2016). Singapores Economic Policies and Key Government Agencies. Retrieved from: https://www.medtech.sg/singapores-economic-policies-key-government-agencies/ Tan, F., Lean, H. H., Khan, H. (2014). Growth and environmental quality in Singapore: Is there any trade-off?.Ecological Indicators,47, 149-155. The world bank (2016). GDP (current US$). Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2015locations=SGstart=2011view=chart Wu, X., Ramesh, M. (2014). Market imperfections, government imperfections, and policy mixes: policy innovations in Singapore.Policy sciences,47(3), 305-320.

Physiology and Human Anatomy

Questions: 1. a) Filtration, secretion and excretion b) Clearance , excretion and glomerular filtration rate 2. a) What types of anabolic steroids would they use b) What could be some undesirable effects of taking such steroids? 3. Why is the endocrine system considered one of the integrative systems of the body? Answers: 1. a) Filtration, secretion and excretion Filtration Filtration is the movement of water and solutes from plasma to the renal tubule that occurs in the renal corpuscle. at any given time about 20% of the plasma volume passing through the glomerulus is filtered. In other words, about180 litersof fluid are filtered by the kidneys every day. That means, the entire plasma volume (which is about 3 liters) is filtered almost 60 times a day. Filtration is primarily driven in the capillaries of the glomerulus by fluid pressure (blood pressure). It has to be remember that kidneys filter much more fluid than the actual amount of urine excreted (which about 1.5 liters per day). This is essential for the kidneys to rapidly remove waste and toxins from the plasma efficiently. Secretion After filtration has occurred, secretion of additional substances into the tubular fluid by the tubules continues. This enhances the kidney's ability to eliminate certain wastes and toxins. It is also essential for the regulation of plasma potassium concentrations and pH. Excretion The result of the above processes is excretion, which goes into the urine. Initially the original concentration of a substance in the tubule fluid may be close to that of plasma, subsequent filtration, re-absorption and secretion can dramatically alter the final concentration in the urine. The amount of a particular substance that is excreted is determined can be written in simple formula: E.g. amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted= amount excreted b) Clearance , excretion and glomerular filtration rate Renal clearance is a measurement that allows one to analyze the activity of the kidney. The definition for clearance could be defined is thevolume of plasmafrom which a substance is completely removed by the kidney in a minute. As an example if we say, the clearance for urea is 65 ml/min. This means that the kidney removes all of the urea in 65 ml of plasma in one minute. Every minute approximately 625 ml of plasma goes to the kidney. This is called the renal plasma flow. Some of the fluid leaves the kidney in the plasma while some leaves the kidney as urine. There are only two ways for a substance to end up in the urine: the substance either it isnot filtered but issecretedby from theperitubular capillariesinto thetubules or it is filteredat theglomerulusand then notreabsorbedfrom thetubules,. In either instance, the substance ends up in thecollecting ductand has been excreted into the urine (de Souza and Hallak, 2011). Of the 625 ml/min of plasma that goes to theglomerulus, 125 ml/min are filtered intoBowman's Capsuleforming the filtrate (this is known as the glomerular filtration rate). The remaining 500 ml/min remain in the blood and enter into theperitubular capillaries. Of the 125 ml/min which was filtered initally , almost all of the water in this fluid is reabsorbed and put back into the blood. It is important to remember that the composition of the filtrate inBowman's Capsuleisidenticalto the composition of the plasma except that the filtrate has no or very few proteins. It has to be remember that this is not true for the urine. This means, for example, that the concentration of glucose in the filtrate inBowman's Capsuleis the same as that in the plasma. Glomerular filtration rate GFR - glomerular filtration rate is the test to measure ones level of kidney function and which determine if there are any kidney disease is present or not. It can be calculated from the results of age, body size blood, gender, and creatinine test. If the GFR number is low, kidneys are not working properly as they should. The glomerular filtration rate is 125ml/min in a normal person but person with diabetes, high blood pressure or any other cardiovascular diseases shows altered rate of glomerular filtration. 2. a) What types of anabolic steroids would they use Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones, which mimics the structure and function of male hormone testosterone and androgens (Bowman, 1990). Types of anabolic steroids used by athelets are Testosterone Nandrolone Boldenone Stanozolol Dan azol Mesterolone b) What could be some undesirable effects of taking such steroids? Kidneys are involved in filtration and removal of metabolic byproduct from the body. When steroid compounds cause strains in the renal structure. Because of anabolic steroids blood pressure most likely to rise in the body as well as in the kidney and this high blood pressure glomerular filtration rate are severely hampered. Along with kidney dysfunction prostate enlargement, testicular atrophies, liver dysfunction, hair loss, depression , gyncomastia , cardiovascular disease are also observed because of abuses or misuses of anabolic steroids(de Souza and Hallak, 2011). 3. Why is the endocrine system considered one of the integrative systems of the body? The endocrine system is considered one of the integrative systems of the body because the hormones produced by the system act locally as well as different other parts of the body. Hormones from the endocrine system, they cross talk to the cell and tissues of different organs and systems of the body and maintains integrity throughout the system. As per George P Chrousos Cells communicate with each other through molecular messengers, the hormones. The simple definition of a hormone as an intercellular messenger is much more inclusive than the original one, which limited the hormones to substances produced by specialized multicellular organsthe glandsthat circulated in blood and acted on distant target organs. This simplification allowed single cells to be considered glands or targets of hormones, or both, and eliminated blood circulation as a prerequisite. The concept of endocrine function thus was expanded to paracrine, autocrine, juxtacrine, and intracrine functions, whereas the classic endocrine system, which included the traditional endocrine axes, was expanded to every organ and cell in the body that produced and responded to hormones. (Chrousos, 2007) References: Astor, B., Shaikh, S. and Chaudhry, M. (2013). Associations of endogenous markers of kidney function with outcomes. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 22(3), pp.331-335. BASELINE TOTAL KIDNEY VOLUME IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSENING OF KIDNEY FUNCTION INDEPENDENTLY OF BASELINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE. (2014). American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 63(5), p.B90. Hori, Y., Murayama, T., Fukushima, K. and Takahashi, H. (2011). Relations between Glomerular Filtration Rate of Chronic Kidney Disease with Cardiac Size and Function in Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation. J Arrhythmia, 27(Supplement), pp.PJ3_023. JOHNSON, D. (2005). Use of estimated glomerular filtration rate to assess level of kidney function. Nephrology, 10(s4), pp.S140-S156. Stevens, L., Coresh, J., Greene, T. and Levey, A. (2006). Assessing Kidney Function Measured and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(23), pp.2473-2483. Bowman, S. (1990). Anabolic steroids and infarction. BMJ, 300(6726), pp.750-750. de Souza, G. and Hallak, J. (2011). Anabolic steroids and male infertility: a comprehensive review. BJU International, 108(11), pp.1860-1865. Chrousos, G. (2007). Organization and Integration of the Endocrine System: The Arousal and Sleep Perspective. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 2(2), pp.125-145.